Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.
Section B
talented ["tæləntɪd] adj. 有才能的；有才干的
talent→talented
①talented adj.
比较级、最高级：more/most talented
可作表语、定语。
He is talented. 他很有才能。
He is a talented man.
他是个有天赋的人。
◆be talented in+n./pron./doing
在某方面有天赋/才能
He is talented in music.
他在音乐方面很有天赋。
He is talented in playing the piano.
他弹钢琴很有天赋。
② talent un.& cn. pl. talents
◆ with talent 才华横溢；有天赋
He is a man with musical talent.
他是一个有音乐天赋的人。
◆have (a) talent for 有…天赋
He has (a) talent for music.
他有音乐天赋。
◆talent show(s) 才艺表演
show cn. 展示
We need some more actors for
the school talent show.
我们学校才艺展示还需要几位演员。
◆show one's talent(s)展示才艺
Parents love to watch their children
show their talents on stage.
父母喜欢看他们的孩子在舞台上展示
他们的才华。
2.truly ["truːli] adv. 真正；确实
true→truly
real→really
【辨析】truly&really
①truly adv. 真实地；真正地；真诚地
强调真实情况或真心实意。
I'm truly sorry for what I said.
我真的为我说的话感到抱歉。
He is a truly good man.
他真的是个好人。
You must speak truly. 你必须说实话。
I am truly thankful for your help.
我实在感谢你的帮助。
Yours truly 您的忠实的(信函末尾签名
前之敬语)
②really adv. 实际上；事实上；真正
地；真实地
表示一种语气，强调与事实不相违背，
甚至较前 更严重。多强调形容词或副
词。
It's a really interesting film.
这是一部非常有趣的电影。
He isn't really angry. 他不是真生气.
I really want to work in Beijing.
我真的很想在北京工作。
It's really nice of you to help me.
你帮我真是太好了。
【辨析】real & true
①true adj. 真实的；真正的；符合事
实的
true adj.→truly adv.→truth n. →
truthful adj.
◆反义词：false
◆ true强调符合事实，不是编造的。
如某事实、故事、消息、信息、朋
友、爱情、证人等。
◆可作表语、定语
You know that's true .
你知道那是真的。
That's a true story.
那是一个真实的故事。
What's true friendship？
什么是真正的友谊？
It's true that Tom has gone to
Beijing.
汤姆去北京了，这是真的。
Tom has gone to Beijing.Is it true?
汤姆去北京了，是真的吗？
Let me tell you a true story about
a real man.
我来给你们讲一个真人真事。
He who does not reach the Great
Wall is not a true man.(谚语)
不到长城非好汉。
◆true 还可表示“正确的”，反义词是
false。 real没有这种用法。
The sentence is true.
这个句子是正确的。
◆ come true 实现
His dream has come true.
他的梦想实现了。
You'll make your dream come true.
你会梦想成真的。
②real adj.→really adv.
强调sb./sth真实存在，不是想象的，
虚构的。如实例、实物、实情、实
况…
It wasn't a dream. It was real.
那不是梦。是真的。
Do you know his real name?
你知道他的真名吗？
The man-made flowers look like
real ones.
这些人造花看上去像真的一样。
The real criminal is him, not me.
真正的罪犯是他，不是我。
◆ real & true常可互用。
a real/true friend 真正的朋友
a real/true test 真正的考试
the real/true reason真实的原因
3.care [keə] [ker] v. 在意；担忧；关
心
care→careful→carefully→careless
①care v. 在意；担忧；关心
I don't care. 我不在乎。
I don't really care if your idea is the
same as mine.
我真的不在乎你的想法是否和我的
一样。
◆care about 关心；在意
She doesn't care about anybody else
at all. 她一点也不关心别人。
He doesn't care about money.
他不看重钱。
I don't care about the matter.
我对这事毫不介意。
Don't you care about the future of
your country?
难道你不担心你们国家的未来吗?
【拓展】care for 照顾，照料；喜欢
His mother cared for him day and
night. 他母亲日夜照料他。
◆care for表“喜欢”之意，常用于否
定句。
I don't care for riding a bike to
school. 我不喜欢骑自行车上学。
②care n.在意；担忧；关心
care center 救护中心
take care 小心
take care to do小心做某事
take care not to do小心别做某事
take care of/care for/look after 照顾
4.laugh [lɑːf] [læf] v.笑;发笑 n.笑声
① laugh v. 笑；发笑
We all laughed after hearing the
joke. 听了这个笑话，我们都笑了。
◆make sb. laugh
He always makes us all laugh a lot.
他总是让我们大家开怀大笑。
②laugh v. 嘲笑
◆ laugh at sb./sth 嘲笑
Don't laugh at others.不要嘲笑别人。
③laugh n.笑；笑声
We all laughed when we heard
his laugh.
听到他的笑声，我们都笑了。
◆with a laugh/laughs 笑着
He told me the news with a laugh.
他笑着告诉我这个消息。
【拓展】laugh和laughter
①laugh既是动词，意为 "大笑",又
是可数名 词，意为 "笑；笑声"。侧重
指行为，既可表示笑 声，也可表示引人
发笑的事或人。
He answered the question with
a laugh.
他笑着回答了这个问题。
Making a snowman is a good laugh.
堆雪人是一件有趣的事情。
②laughter 仅用作不可数名词，指
“笑，笑声”， 侧重于指笑的状态，
具有抽象或概括意义。
The room was full of laughter and
happiness.
房间里充满了欢声笑语。
5.serious ["sɪəriəs] ["sɪriəs] adj. 严肃
的；稳重的
比较级、最高级：more/most serious
He is a serious teacher.
他是个严肃的老师。
I'm more serious than most kids.
我比大多数孩子都稳重。
He is less serious than me.
他没有我稳重。
【拓展】 serious adj. 还有“认真的;
严重的”之意，其副词为seriously。
◆nothing serious 不严重
There's nothing serious，but you'd
better get some rest.
没有什么大不了的，但是你最好休息
休息。
How serious the matter is!
问题是多么严重啊！
◆be serious about 对……认真
You should be more serious about
your work.
你应该更加认真地对待你的工作。
◆seriously=badly=terribly 严重地
be seriously/badly/terribly ill.
病得严重
be seriously/badly/terribly hurt
伤得厉害
He was seriously ill last week.
上周他病得很演奏。
6.mirror ["mɪrə(r)] n. 镜子
mirror cn. pl. mirrors
◆ look at oneself in a mirror 照镜子
A good friend is like a mirror.
好朋友就像一面镜子。
7.kid [kɪd] n. 小孩；年轻人
kid cn. pl. kids
【拓展】kid v. 开玩笑；欺骗
kid kids kidding kidded kidded
You're kidding.你骗人！
8. as long as 只要；既然
as long as同if（如果）一样，引导条件
状语从句。在条件状语从句中，要用
一般现在时代替一般将来时，即主将
从现。
as long as+从句
As long as you don't give up,
you'll succeed.
只要你不放弃，你就会成功。
9.necessary ["nesəsəri] ["nesəseri]
adj. 必需的；必要的
①It's necessary+(for sb.)+to do sth.
it为形式主语，真正主语为to do sth.
引导不定式逻辑主语的介词只用for，
不可用to。
It's necessary for him to learn to
drive.
对他来说，学开车是必要的。
It's not necessary to be the same.
没有必要是一样的。
② necessary for/to 对…有必要
其后介词用to 或 for均可。
Sleep is necessary to /for our health.
睡眠对我们的健康是必不可少的。
③可与 if, when等连词构成省略句（省
略了it is）。
If necessary, you can ring me .
如果必要，你可以给我打电话。
Tell him all about it when necessary.
在必须的时候把一切都告诉他。
10. be different from 与…不同；
与…有差异
词形变化：difference n.→different
adj. → differently adv.
different adj. 不同的；差异的；各式
各样的
①作定语
They have two different answers.
他们有两个不同的答案。
Different countries have different
eating habits.
不同的国家有不同的饮食习惯。
◆different kinds of+复数名词
不同种类的‥‥‥
different kinds of foods/toys/trees
注意:different 后面名词的单复数形式:
The twins study in different schools.
这对双胞胎在不同的学校学习。
Tom goes to a different school.
汤姆去了另一所学校。
②作表语
◆be different from 与…不同；
与…有差异
反义词:be the same as … 和…相同
Your bike is quite different from his.
你的自行车和他的差异很大。
The picture on the wall is different
from that on your desk.
墙上的画和从你桌上的那个不一样。
◆ look different from
看上去和…不同
look the same as 看上去和…一样
【拓展】
① difference cn. 不同点；差别
pl. differences
There are two differences between the two pictures.
这两幅图画有两处不同。
◆make a big/great difference
产生影响;起作用;有不同
◆ make a difference to sb./sth.
对……有影响
Making friends made a big
difference to my life.
交友对我的一生影响很大。
What a difference a day makes!
一天变化有多大啊！
②differently adv. 不同地;有差异地
feel differently 感觉不同
think differently 想得不一样
discribe …differently 描述得不一样
answer the question differently
回答问题不一样
◆也可以和from连用。
He thought very differently from
you.他和你的想法很不一样。
11.bring out 使显现；使表现出
①bring out 取出
动副短语。
bring it/them out把它/它们拿出来
bring out the book
=bring the book out把书拿出来
②bring out 使显现；使表现出
◆bring out the best/worst in sb.
把某人最好 (或最坏)的一面表现或显
露出来
The difficulty brings out the best
in her.
困难使她显露出最好的一面。
He is good at bringing out the best
in him to his pupils.
他善于把自己最好的一面展现给学生。
【辨析】bring＆take
① bring [brɪŋ]v.带来;取来
反义词：take
bring brings bringing brought
brought
bring指从别处将某人/某物带到说话
人所在地。 由远→至近
◆ bring…to… 把…拿到…来
◆ bring…here 把…拿到这儿来
◆ bring…home把…带到家里来
◆ bring …back 把…带回来；使想
起…
He brought all the books to my
office.
他把所有的书带到我办公室里来了。
Please bring your English book
here tomorrow.
明天请把你的英语书带来。
② take 带走，拿走
take takes taking took taken
指把某人/某物从说话人所在地带走。
由近→至远
◆take …to…把…带到…去
◆take…there把…带到那儿去
◆take…home把…带回家（去）
His mother often takes him to the
museum on Sunday.
周日他妈妈经常带他去博物馆。
12.grade [greɪd] n. 成绩等级；评分
等级
①grade cn. 年级 pl. grades
◆in Grade 8在八年级
She is in Class 2, Grade 8.
她在八年级二班。
She is an eighth grade student.
她是一名八年级学生。
②grade cn. 成绩等级；评分等级
pl. grades
◆get good grades取得好成绩
I always get better grades than
he does. 我的成绩总是比他好。
◆have good grades in+学科
He has good grades in English.
他英语成绩很好。
13.should [ʃʊd] [ʃəd] modal v. 应
该；应当；可以
①情态动词should后接动词原形，没
有人称和数的变化。
②should的否定式：
should not=shouldn't 不应当;不应该
③should的用法，用以表达:
◆询问对方的意愿
Should I open the window?
我应该打开窗户吗？
◆表示职责或义务
He should finish the work on time.
他应该按时完成这项工作。
◆表示劝告或建议
You should be careful next time.
下次你应该小心。
You should stop talking.你应该戒烟。
◆表示命令或要求
You shouldn't talk in class.
你不许在课堂上讲话。
◆表示预测或可能
He should be in the classroom.
他应该在教室里。
④should的基本句式：
◆肯定句：主语+should+V原+….
◆否定句：主语+should+not+V原+….
◆一般疑问句：Should +主语+V原
+…？
肯定回答：
Yes, 主语(人称代词)+should.
否定回答：
No,主语(人称代词)+shouldn't.
You shouldn't smoke in the
reading room.
你不应该在阅览室抽烟。
Should I go there right now?
我应该马上去那里吗？
—Yes, you should.
— No, you shouldn't.
【拓展】情态动词should 通常用来表
示现在或将来的责任或义务，译作
“应该”、“应当”，这时它可以和
be supposed to 互换使用。
You should arrive at 7:00.
=You are supposed to arrive at 7:00.
你们应该七点钟到。
14.the same as 和…相同；与…一致
◆same前永远加the。
◆be the same as 和…相同；与…
一致
be different from与…不同;与…有差异
be similar to与……相似
◆同义句
My bike is the same as yours.
=I have the same bike as you.
My bike is not the same as yours.
=My bike is different from yours.
【拓展】
◆the same+n.+as
He is the same age as me/I (am).
=He is as old as me/I(am).
=He and I are the same age
他和我同龄。
15.saying ["seɪɪŋ] n. 谚语；格言；
警句
say→saying
saying cn. pl. sayings
◆an old saying老话；古话
In China we have an old saying:
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
中国有句古话：患难见真情。
◆As the saying goes俗话说（像俗
话所说的）
注意goes的用法。
As the saying goes, "Failure is the
mother of success."
俗话说：“失败是成功之母。”
16.reach [riːtʃ] v. 伸手；到达；抵达
①reach v. 伸手
She stood on the chair so that she
could reach the shelf.
她站在椅子上，以便能够到架子。
He reached into his pocket to get
his car keys.
他把手伸进口袋里拿车钥匙。
◆reach for your hand 伸手帮忙；随
叫随到
◆reach out for sth. 伸手去拿；身手
去够
②reach v. 到达；抵达
reach+某地（n./adv. ）到达某地(地
点不分大小）
reach后接表地点的名词、副词，都
不加介词。
reach Beijing/home/the station
到达北京/到家/到车站
We reached the nearest railway
station last night.
我们昨天晚上到达最近的火车站。
【拓展1】arrive [ə'raɪv]v.到达
① arrive at+n.(小地点:车站、学校、
公园、银行、电影院等)
arrive in +n.(大地点：国家、省、城
市等)
He will arrive in Beijing next
Monday.他下周一到达北京。
We arrived at the village on time.
我们按时到达了那个村庄。
◆只能用at:
arrive at home/the meeting/the
cinema到家/到会/到达电影院
◆ 还有些地点名词前要用on:
arrive on the farm/the island/the
moon/the top of the hill
到达农场/岛/月球/山顶
◆ arrive 后接地点副词here，there，
home，somewhere时，不加介词
at/in。
arrive here/there/home
到这儿/到那儿/到家
arrive somewhere cool
到达凉爽的地方
◆ arrive late for （强调动作晚）
= be late for （强调状态晚）
做某事迟到
Don’t arrive late for school.
＝Don’t be late for school.
上学不要迟到。
【拓展2】
① get to+n. 到达某地(地点不分大小）
get to Beijing/the park
到达北京/公园
◆ 后接地点副词here，there，
home，somewhere时，不加介词to。
get here/there/home/somewhere
cool
到这儿/到那儿/到家/到达凉爽的地方
注意：当“到达”后不接地点时，多
用arrive。
When did you arrive?
你什么时候到的？
Please call me when you arrive.
当你到了时，给我打电话。
17.hand [hænd] n. 手
hand cn. pl. hands
◆reach for your hand 伸手帮忙；随
叫随到
◆ in one's hand(s)在手中
What's that in his hand?
他手里是什么？
◆ by hand手工;用手工
He made a birthday cake by hand.
他亲手做了一个生日蛋糕。
◆with one's hand(s)用手
with one's left (right)hand用左(右)手
◆ give sb.a hand =help sb.帮助某人
◆ a green hand新手;生手
She is a green hand in teaching
English. 在英语教学中她还是个生手。
【拓展】
hand in 上交
hand out 分发
都为动副短语。
18.touch [tʌtʃ] v. 感动；触摸
touch touches touching touched
touched
①touch v. 感动
◆touch one's heart 感动某人;触动
某人的心弦
His story touched our hearts.
他的故事深深打动了我们的心。
◆touch me deeply It has touched
me deeply to see how these people
live.
我看到这些人如何生活而深受感动。
【拓展】 touched adj. 受感动
touching adj. 令人感动的
◆be touched by 被…感动
=be moved by
I was deeply touched by his story.
=I was deeply moved by his story.
他的故事深深地打动了我。
The teacher told us a
moving/touching story.
老师给我们讲了一个感人的故事。
②touch v. 触摸
Don't touch the things.
别动这些东西。
③touch un. 接触；联系
This kind of robots has a sense of
touch. 这种机器人有触觉。
◆ keep in touch with sb.
与…保持联系
◆ get in touch with sb. 与…取得联系
They keep in touch with me.
他们和我保持联系。
19.heart [hɑː(r)t] n. 内心；心脏
①heart n. 内心
◆touch one's heart 感动某人;触动
某人的心弦
◆ in one's heart 在某人心中
He will live in our heart forever!
他将会永远活在我们心中！
◆ learn…by heart牢记；熟记；背诵
Try to learn them by heart.
努力把它们记住。
Nothing is difficult if you put your
heart into it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
②heart cn. 心脏
pl. hearts
My heart is beating very quickly.
我的心跳得很快。
◆heart trouble 心脏病
I've got heart trouble, but it's
nothing serious.
我的心脏有问题，但不严重。
20.fact [fækt] n. 现实；事实
fact cn. pl. facts
I have known many history facts.
我知道很多历史事实。
◆The fact is that…. 事实是……
The fact is that he doesn't have
enough money.
事实是，他没有足够的钱。
◆in fact 确切地说；事实上；实际上
固定短语，多用于句首。
In fact, he has nothing.
事实上，他一无所有。
21.break [breɪk] v. (broke [brəʊk])
（使） 破；裂；碎；损坏
break breaks breaking broke broken
①break vi. 折断；破碎
His arm broke.
②break vt. 使破；裂；碎；损坏
Take care not to break my glasses.
小心别把我的眼镜打碎了.
I broke my arm last week.
③break vt. 违背；违反
◆break the rule(s) 违反规定，违反
纪律
He broke the school rules.
他违反了校规。
④break vt. 打破（记录）
◆break the record 打破纪录
He broke the Olympic 100 meters
record.
他打破了奥运会100米记录。
⑤ break down (机器)坏了；出故障
同义句：
His bike broke down.
=His bike was broken.
=His bike didn't work.
=There was something wrong with
his bike.
=Something was wrong with his bike.
他的自行车坏了。
【拓展】break cn. 间歇；休息时间
（尤指工作期间）
◆without a break不间断
She's worked for 20 hours without
a break.
她已经不间断地工作了二十个小时.
◆have/take a break
have/take breaks 休息
22.arm [ɑːm] n. 手臂；上肢
arm cn. pl. arms
in one's arms 怀抱
The mother is carrying a baby in
her arms. 这位母亲怀抱婴儿。
23.share [ʃeə] , [ʃer] v. 分享，共享；
共用；分摊
You should learn to share.
你应该学会分享。
They have to share an office.
他们必须合用一间办公室。
We can talk about and share
everything.
我们可以谈论和分享一切。
◆share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物
He shared a desk with his brother.
他和弟弟共用一张书桌。
I like sharing my happiness with
you. 我喜欢和你分享我的快乐。
24.loud [laʊd] adj. 响亮的；大声的
【辨析】loud；loudly；aloud
aloud, loudly用作副词;loud既可作副
词,也可作形容词。
(一）loud 的用法
①loud adj. 大声地
The music is too loud.
这音乐声音太大了。
◆in a loud voice 大声地
in a low voice 低声地，小声地
Tom is speaking in a loud voice.
汤姆正大声说话。
②loud adv. 响亮地；高声地
◆loud置于talk, speak, shout, laugh,
sing等动词之后,在口语中代替 loudly。
◆在动词后面loud比loudly更常用些。
他们的反义词是: quietly。
◆在用于比较级或最高级时,通常用
loud而不用loudly。
Could you please speak louder?
请你大点声讲话好吗？
Who laughed loudest？
谁笑得声音最大?
Facts speak louder than words.
事实胜于雄辩。
(二) loudly adv.喧闹地；大声地；响
亮地含“喧闹”之意，常与knock,
ring连用。
Suddenly the bell on the wall
rang loudly.
墙上的铃突然大声得响起来。
（三) aloud adv.出声地；大声地
◆ aloud与read, think连用时,表示
“出声地”
read aloud 朗读
read the text aloud 朗读课文
think aloud自言自语地说
◆置于call,shout,cry之后,表示“大
声地”。
call/shout/cry aloud
She called aloud for help.
她大声呼救。
25.similar ["sɪmələ(r)] adj. 相像的；
类似的
①be similar to 与…相像的；与…
类似的
一般用于相似的物品的对比上，也用
于人之间。
I'm similar to her.我和她相似。
My bike is similar to yours.
我的自行车和你的相似。
② take after(外貌或行为) 像
指行为、外貌、性格等相像。
主要用于有血缘关系的人之间。
You take after your mother.
你长得像你的妈妈。
③look like 看起来像……
◆只指外表相似，可用来表达take
after的意思。
◆不管有没有血缘关系的人都适用。
可用于人也可用于物。
The man looks like our English
teacher.
那个人看起来像我们的英语老师。
You take after your mother.
=You look like your mother.
It looks like rain now.
现在看上去要下雨了。
④ be like 像……一样
用于各方面的相像：性格、外貌、品
德、天气……
What's she like?她是什么样的人？
What's the weather like today?
今天天气怎么样？
26.primary ["praɪməri], ["praɪmeri]
adj. 最 初的，最早的
◆primary school 小学
◆in/at primary school 上小学
Tom is in/at primary school.
◆in a primary school
My sister teaches in a primary school.
我姐姐在一所小学教书。
◆a primary school student
Tom is a primary school student.
【拓展】
high school 中学
middle school 中学；初中
junior high school初中
senior high school 高中
27.information [ˌɪnfə(r)"meɪʃn] n.
信息；消息
information un. 信息；消息
◆a piece of information一条消息
some information一些信息
What useful information!
多么有用的信息！
◆ personal information个人信息
◆ get much information on/from
the Internet
从因特网上获取许多信息
◆ call sb. at+电话号码for more
information
打电话给某人获取更多信息
【拓展1】news un. 新闻；消息；音信
news 常被误认为可数名词，实际上是
不可数名词。
a piece of news 一条新闻/消息
some news 一些新闻/消息
There's some big news in today's
newspaper.
今天的报纸上有一些重大新闻。
◆listen to the news 听广播新闻
◆watch the news看电视新闻
◆No news is good news.
没有消息就是好消息。
◆ good news /bad news 好消息/坏消
息
◆big news重大新闻
◆sad news令人伤心的消息
◆news of/about有关…的新闻/消息/
音信
Do you have any news of/about
your brother？ 你有你哥的音信吗？
◆tell someone the news
告诉某人消息
◆hear the news听到消息（或新闻）
◆latest news最新消息（或新闻）
◆spread the news散布消息
【拓展2】message cn.消息;(书面或
口头的)信息
pl. messages
some messages一些信息/信息
◆ take a message for sb.
为某人捎口信，传话
Tom isn’t here. Can I take a
message for him?
汤姆不在，我可以为他捎口信吗？
◆ leave a message(for sb.) 留口信
He left a message for his mother.
他给他母亲留了口信。
◆ give sb. a message 捎信给某人
=give a message to sb.
You can give him a message.
=You can give a message to him.
Tara ["tɑːrə], ["tærə] 塔拉（女名）
Sam [sæm] 萨姆（男名）
Nelly ["nelɪ] 内莉（女名）
Larry ["lærɪ] 拉里（男名）
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